Read about MMT to learn more, and governments who have defaulted on national debt have owed that debt to the World Bank or foreign nations. The government raises the debt ceiling and creates money through the federal reserve. Alan Greenspan and numerous economists have stated the US' creation of money.

I will try to explain more on this when I get a free moment, and urge you to look into it. I analyzed the US official budgets in this article: https://blog.usejournal.com/the-us-will-let-americans-starve-9dfe75702444