Didn't Israel establish a Jewish ethno-state, an non-Jews have less rights?
Palestine is a mix of Muslim and Christian and had a small percentage of Jews. I don't believe religious differences matter to Palestinians (generally), but the decades of conflicts may have changed that.
Israel doesn't have a military presence in Gaza, but it controls access to water, food, fuel, communication networks, and aid and blockaded Gaza for a decade or so. It also restricts movement, allowing or disallowing who enters and exits Gaza.
I'm unsure of Hamas' objectives other than exchanging hostages for prisoners, which has happened in the past, but the bombing campaign killing mass civilians should stop immediately. It's insane.